SOLID LIQUID_materials

AMBER: solid element of liquid component

Amber

Amber is fossilized tree resin, which has been appreciated for its color and natural organic beauty since Neolithictimes. Amber is used as an ingredient in perfumes, as a healing agent in folk medicine, and as jewelry. There are five classes of amber, defined on the basis of their chemical constituents. Because it originates as a soft, sticky tree resin, amber sometimes contains animal and plant material as inclusions.

SOLID LIQUID _material

GLASS


temperature modifies material from liquid to solid

glass manufactoring

Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid material. Glasses are typically brittle, and often optically transparent.

The most familiar type of glass, used for centuries in windows and drinking vessels, is soda-lime glass, made of about 75% silica (SiO₂) plus Na₂O, CaO, and several minor additives. Often, the term glass is used in a restricted sense to refer to this specific use.

In science, however, the term glass is usually defined in a much wider sense, including every solid that possesses a non-crystalline (i.e. amorphous) structure and that exhibits a glass transition when heated towards the liquid state. In this wider sense, glasses can be made of quite different classes of materials: metallic alloys, ionic melts, aqueous solutions, molecular liquids, and polymers. For many applications (bottles, eyewear) polymer glasses (acrylic glass, polyethylene terephthalate) are a lighter alternative to traditional silica glasses.