SOLID & LIQUID in español
Monday, January 31, 2011
SOLID LIQUID_materials
AMBER: solid element of liquid component
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| Amber |
Amber is fossilized tree resin, which has been appreciated for its color and natural organic beauty since Neolithictimes. Amber is used as an ingredient in perfumes, as a healing agent in folk medicine, and as jewelry. There are five classes of amber, defined on the basis of their chemical constituents. Because it originates as a soft, sticky tree resin, amber sometimes contains animal and plant material as inclusions.
SOLID LIQUID_patent
Patent US 4812052
Structural components, especially components having complicated configurations, are endurance tested for their creep resistance or strength in a removable massive metal testing block which encloses the component being tested in the manner of a mold. The mold type testing block is made of a high heat resistant metal acting as a susceptor in an induction heating system in which the testing block is surrounded by an induction heating coil. In this system the component being tested can be heated to high, highly constant temperatures which provides a substantial improvement in the creep testing results and reduces the cost of testing.
Saturday, January 29, 2011
SOLID LIQUID _physical phenomena
TSUNAMI
a solid and destroyer wall of liquid water
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| 19th century tsunami painting by japanese artist Hokusai |
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| 26 December 2004 Sumatra's West Coast |
A tsunami (pronounced tsoo-NAH-mee) is a series of waves, made in an ocean or other body of water by an earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite impact. Tsunamis can cause huge destruction when they hit coastlines. Some people call tsunamis “tidal waves”, but these large waves really have little to do with tides, so the term “tidal wave” does not really suit them.
Tsunami waves are different from the waves you can usually find rolling into the coast of a lake or ocean. Those waves are made by wind offshore and are quite small compared with tsunami waves. A tsunami wave in the open ocean can be more than 100 km across. That’s roughly the length of 1000 American football fields! Tsunami waves are huge and can travel very quickly, at about 700 km/hr, but they are only about one meter high in the open ocean.
Tsunami waves are different from the waves you can usually find rolling into the coast of a lake or ocean. Those waves are made by wind offshore and are quite small compared with tsunami waves. A tsunami wave in the open ocean can be more than 100 km across. That’s roughly the length of 1000 American football fields! Tsunami waves are huge and can travel very quickly, at about 700 km/hr, but they are only about one meter high in the open ocean.
SOLID LIQUID _history
| TRAGEDY OF VAJONT the power of water and the insignificancy of humanity  |
| Vajont Dam |
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| what happened? |
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| Vajont's video by Marco Paolini |
On 9 October 1963 at approximately 10:35pm, the combination of 'drawing-down the reservoir' and heavy rains triggered a landslide of about 260 million cubic meters of forest, earth, and rock, which fell into the reservoir at up to 110 km per hour (68 mph). The resulting displacement of water caused 50 million cubic meters of water to over-top the dam in a 250-meter high wave. Despite this, the dam's structure was largely undamaged — the top metre or so of masonry was washed away, but the basic structure remained intact.
The flooding in the Piave valley destroyed the villages of Longarone, Pirago, Rivalta, Villanova and Faè, killing 1,450 people and turning the land below into a flat plain of mud. Many small villages in the territory of Erto e Casso and the village of Codissago, near Castellavazzo, were largely wrecked. Estimates of the dead range from 1900 to 2500 people, and about 350 families lost all members. Most of the survivors had lost relatives and friends along with their homes and belongings.
The villages near the landslide also suffered damage from the air displacement caused by the impact.
SOLID LIQUID _food
ORANGE JUICE
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| the golden juice |
the orange, fruit itself, is solid but when you squeeze it, it gets liquid like a orange juice
Wednesday, January 26, 2011
SOLID LIQUID _chemistry
| MERCURY: a material on the edge between being solid and liquid  |
| MERCURY |
Mercury, also known as quicksilver or hydrargyrum is a chemical element with the symbol Hg (Latinized Greek: hydrargyrum, from "hydr-" meaning watery or runny and "argyros" meaning silver) and atomic number 80. Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions isbromine. With a freezing point of −38.83 °C and boiling point of 356.73 °C, mercury has one of the broadest ranges of its liquid state of any metal. A heavy, silvery d-block metal, mercury is also one of the five metallic chemical elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure, the others beingcaesium, francium, gallium, and rubidium.
SOLID LIQUID _geography
DEAD SEA
a sea stuffed with salt
a sea stuffed with salt
The Dead Sea ,also called the Salt Sea, is a salt lakebordering Jordan to the east and Israel and the West Bank to the west. Its surface and shores are 423 metres (1,388 ft) below sea level, the lowest elevation on the Earth's surface on dry land. The Dead Sea is 377 m (1,237 ft) deep, the deepest hypersaline lake in the world. It is also one of the world's saltiest bodies of water, with 33.7% salinitys. It is 8.6 times more salty than the ocean. This salinity makes for a harsh environment where animals cannot flourish, hence its name. The Dead Sea is 67 kilometres (42 mi) long and 18 kilometres (11 mi) wide at its widest point. It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley, and its maintributary is the Jordan River.
The Dead Sea has attracted visitors from around the Mediterranean basin for thousands of years. Biblically, it was a place of refuge for King David. It was one of the world's first health resorts (for Herod the Great), and it has been the supplier of a wide variety of products, from balms for Egyptian mummification to potash forfertilizers. People also use the salt and the minerals from the Dead Sea to create cosmetics and herbal sachets. In 2009, 1.2 million foreign tourists visited on the Israeli side.
The sea has a density of 1.24 kg/L, making swimming difficult but providing a relaxing floating experience.
SOLID LIQUID_art
Surrounded Islands
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| CHRISTO |
On May 7, 1983 the installation of Surrounded Islands was completed. In Biscayne Bay, between the city of Miami, North Miami, the Village of Miami Shores and Miami Beach, 11 of the islands situated in the area of Bakers Haulover Cut, Broad Causeway, 79th Street Causeway, Julia Tuttle Causeway, and Venetian Causeway were surrounded with 585,000 square meters (6.5 million square feet) of pink woven polypropylene fabric covering the surface of the water, floating and extending out 61 meters (200 feet) from each island into the Bay. The fabric was sewn into 79 patterns to follow the contours of the 11 islands.
For 2 weeks Surrounded Islands spreading over 11.3 kilometers (7 miles) was seen, approached and enjoyed by the public, from the causeways, the land, the water and the air. The luminous pink color of the shiny fabric was in harmony with the tropical vegetation of the uninhabited verdant island, the light of the Miami sky and the colors of the shallow waters of Biscayne Bay.
SOLID LIQUID _fountain
BELLAGIO FOUNTAIN
turning music into solid water
turning music into solid water
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| Bellagio_ music, water and light |
A musical fountain is a type of animated fountain for entertainment purposes that creates an aesthetic design and sometimes a three-dimensional image. This is done by using the effects of timed sound waves and timed light or laser against water particles. The water refracts and reflects the light, and in doing so, a three-dimensional image can be created.
Some are large scale, and use hundreds of water jets and laser emitters, the cost of which runs up into the millions of dollars, although smaller household forms exist where the budget ranges to around athousand dollars.
Pavarotti's song "Time to say goodbye" played with water
SOLID LIQUID _fountain
MAGIC FOUNTAIN, Barcelona
water into the the solid history of a city
water into the the solid history of a city
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| magic fountain |
The Magic Fountain of Montjuïc (Font màgica de Montjuïc in both Catalan and Spanish) is a fountain located at the head of Avenida Maria Cristina in the Montjuïcneighborhood of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The Magic Fountain was designed by Carles Buigas, who had designed illuminated fountains as early as 1922. The site where the fountain was constructed was the previous location of The Four Columns. The columns, representative of the Catalanism movement, were removed under the rule of Prime Minister Migel Primo de Rivera.
In the 1980s, music was incorporated with the light show and the fountain, along with the Museu Nacional, was completely restored prior to the 1992 Summer Olympics, held at Montjuïc. Performances include film, classical, and modern music, such as The Godfather, The Lord of the Rings, Gladiator, a Spanish zarzuela movement, and "Barcelona" by Freddie Mercury and Montserrat Caballé.
The light and music performances from October to April take place on Fridays and Saturdays every half-hour between 7:00 and 8:30pm.
SOLID LIQUID_architecture
OCEANOGRAFIC by Calatrava
how to liquefy architecture
how to liquefy architecture
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| CALATRAVA Santiago Calatrava Valls (born 28 July 1951) is an internationally recognized and award-winning Valencian Spanisharchitect, sculptor and structural engineer whose principal office is in Zürich, Switzerland. Classed now among the elite designers of the world, he has offices in Zürich, Paris, Valencia, and New York City. L'Oceanogràfic is a marine complex situated in the east of the city of Valencia, Spain, where different marine habitats are represented (seas and oceans of approximately 100,000 m²). It is integrated inside a complex known as the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències. L'Oceanogràfic is the largest complex of its type in all of Europe and has 45,000 animals of 500 different species. |
SOLID LIQUID _architecture
THE PAVILION by Mies van der Rohe -Barcelona-
interaction between marble and water
interaction between marble and water
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| Mies van der Rohe |
The pavilion was going to be bare—no trade exhibits—just the structure, a single sculpture and purpose-designed furniture (the Barcelona Chair). This lack of accommodation enabled Mies to treat the Pavilion as a continuous space; blurring inside and outside. "The design was predicated on an absolute distinction between structure and enclosure—a regular grid of cruciform steel columns interspersed by freely spaced planes". However, the structure was more of a hybrid style, some of these planes also acted as supports.The floor plan is very simple. The entire building rests on a plinth of travertine. A southern U-shaped enclosure, also of travertine, helps form a service annex and a large water basin. The floor slabs of the pavilion project out and over the pool—once again connecting inside and out.
SOLID LIQUID _material
GLASS
temperature modifies material from liquid to solid
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| glass manufactoring |
Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid material. Glasses are typically brittle, and often optically transparent.
The most familiar type of glass, used for centuries in windows and drinking vessels, is soda-lime glass, made of about 75% silica (SiO2) plus Na2O, CaO, and several minor additives. Often, the term glass is used in a restricted sense to refer to this specific use.
In science, however, the term glass is usually defined in a much wider sense, including every solid that possesses a non-crystalline (i.e. amorphous) structure and that exhibits a glass transition when heated towards the liquid state. In this wider sense, glasses can be made of quite different classes of materials: metallic alloys, ionic melts, aqueous solutions, molecular liquids, and polymers. For many applications (bottles, eyewear) polymer glasses (acrylic glass, polyethylene terephthalate) are a lighter alternative to traditional silica glasses.
SOLID LIQUID_comics
OVER THE EDGE...
in the swimming pool
Wich is the real house of the turtle?
in the swimming pool
Wich is the real house of the turtle?
Over the Hedge is a syndicated comic strip written and drawn by Michael Fry and T. Lewis. It tells the story of a raccoon, turtle, a squirrel, and their friends who come to terms with their woodlands being taken over by suburbia, trying to survive the increasing flow of humanity and technology while becoming enticed by it at the same time.
Tuesday, January 18, 2011
SOLID LIQUID_architecture
FALLING WATER by Frank
Lloyd Wright
Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 projects, which resulted in more than 500 completed works. Wright promoted organic architecture.
Organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world through design approaches so well integrated with its site that buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated composition.
Set in a very unusual location, the ideas implicit in the house are a highly dramatic and original combination of modern technology within a natural setting. The notion of a house sitting over a waterfall evokes the imagination of English Romantic poet, Wordsworth. At the same time, scientific technology has been integrated with a modern concept.
The house is located on a cliff with a waterfall. It is a weekend house. It consists of two levels of living areas. Both the living areas extend up to the waterfall and give a good view of the surrounding countryside.
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